-Sans Serif
-Designer: Paul Renner
-Other Fonts Designed: Plak (1928), Futura Black (1929), Futura Light (1932), Ballade (1937), Renner Antiqua (1939), Steile Futura (1954)
-Classification: Geometric Sans Serif
-Family Members: Futura: Light, Light Oblique, Book, Book Oblique, Medium, Medium Oblique, Bold, Bold Oblique, Extra Bold, Extra Bold Oblique.
1) Modern
Define: Thin, straight serifs, a vertical axis, and sharp contrast (thick to thin strokes).
Examples: Aster, Didot, and Ellington.
2) Old Style
Define: Bracketed Serifs and slight weight differences between the thick and thin parts of the letters. Documented in use since early 1420s.
Examples: Garamond, Bembo, Jenson, and Palatino.
3)Transitional
Define: Similar to Old Style typefaces, they have higher contrast between the weights of thick and thin lines.
Examples: Times Roman, Baskerville, and Adriane Text.
Stoke Weight:
The degree of contrast between the thin and thick strokes in a typeface or the thickness of lines in a font character.
Stress/Axis:
-The diagonal, vertical, or horizontal thick to thin transition in the stroke of a letter.
-A typeface with uniform strokes has no apparent stress.
-Old Style fonts like Garamond show diagonal stress.
-Transitional fonts like Times New Roman show a much less pronounced diagonal stress.
-Modern fonts like Bodoni have strong Vertical Stress.
Small Caps:
Are shrunken versions of full size caps. They are designed to match the x-height of lowercase letters.
Lining Figures:
Take up uniform widths of space, helping the numbers to line up when arranged in columns.
Non-aligning Figures:
Have ascenders and descenders, like lowercase letters. Are proportional and has own set width.
Ligatures:
Two or more letters are joined as a single glyph.
Summarizing Type Measurement:
Type is measured in points. For example, a 10 point type measures from baseline to baseline 10 points. While the fonts are ALL 10 points, some may look bigger or smaller than others but take up some depth line to line.
Baseline:
The line which most letters sit and below which descenders extend.
X-Height:
Distance between the baseline and the mean line of lowercase letters in a typeface. Usually the height of "x" in a font.
Cap Height:
Refers to the height of a capital letter above the baseline for a particular typeface. Specifically refers to the height of capital letters that are flat like "H" and "I".
Ascender:
Portion of a small letter that extends above the mean line of a font. If the part of a lower case letter is taller than the font's x-height.
Descender:
A portion of a letter that extends below the baseline of a font.
Arm:
A longer horizontal stroke at the top or bottom, like E, F, L, and T.
Leg:
Short, descending part of a letter.
Tail:
A trailing outstroke as in j, k, y, J, and K.
Eye:
The eye refers to specifically to the enclosed space in the lowercase "e".
Apex:
A point at the top of a character where two strokes meet.
Crossbar:
Horizontal stroke in letters.
Counter:
Areas of negative space formed by straight or curved strokes.
Bowl:
A closed curved stroke.
Link:
Stroke that connects the top and bottom bowls of lowercase.
Ear:
Very short stroke at the top.
Loop:
Bottom of the two-string "g".
