1) The advantages of multiple column grid is that it provides more flexibility when formatting for publications that have a complex hierarchy or that have integrated text and illustrations. The more columns you create, the more flexible the grid.
2) Characters that would be optimal for a line length would mostly depend on how wide the columns were made.
3) A baseline grid is used in design to serve as an anchor to nearly all layout elements to a common rhythm.
4) There are a few reasons to have justified and ragged text in typography. With justified text, it keeps edges even on both the left and right sides of the columns. It makes an efficient use of space and a clean, compact shape on the page. With ragged text, it respects the flow of the language instead of following the law of the typical box. Ragged text can be considered good and bad- it is good when the edges are consistently ragged, and bad when some edges are straight and some are not.
5) A typographic river is gaps appearing to run down a paragraph of text due to a coincidental alignment of spaces.
6) A hang line is a horizontal reference point dividing a page. A hang line is used for example, when a body of text can hang from a common line and an area across can be reserved for images, etc.
7) Type Color is the weight of the text.
8) Typeface with a taller x-height have a heavier color and with shorter x-height, a lighter color.
9) Some ways to indicate a new paragraph is by indenting and outdenting with line breaks, extra space inside a line without line breaks, and symbols. Avoid indenting the very first line of a body text.
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